{"id":101,"date":"2010-05-11T19:58:00","date_gmt":"2010-05-11T19:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/wordpress\/definitions-of-translation-localization-internationalization-and-transcreation\/"},"modified":"2023-11-13T13:09:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T13:09:05","slug":"definitions-of-translation-localization-internationalization-and-transcreation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/definitions-of-translation-localization-internationalization-and-transcreation\/","title":{"rendered":"Defining Translation, Localization, Internationalization &#038; More"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">I know you all probably know what all these terms mean, but the definitions I found for translation, localization, internationalization and transcreation were very interesting. The first three terms were taken from Wikipedia, but transcreation did not exist on Wikipedia yet, also that interesting. They are all very dear terms to me, so here you go:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em><strong>Translation<\/strong> is the comprehension of the <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Meaning (linguistic)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meaning_(linguistic)\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>meaning<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> of a text and the subsequent production of an <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Dynamic and formal equivalence\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>equivalent<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> text, likewise called a &#8220;translation,&#8221; that communicates the same <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Message\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Message\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>message<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> in another language. The text that is translated is called the <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Source text\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Source_text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>source text<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>, and the language that it is translated into is called the target language. The product is sometimes called the target text.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>Translation, when practiced by relatively <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Bilingual\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bilingual\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>bilingual<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> individuals but especially when by persons with limited proficiency in one or both languages, involves a risk of <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Language contact\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Language_contact\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>spilling-over<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> of <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Idiom\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idiom\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>idioms<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> and <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Style guide\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Style_guide\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>usages<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> from the source language into the target language. On the other hand, inter-linguistic spillages have also served the useful purpose of importing <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Calque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calque\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>calques<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> and <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Loanword\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loanword\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>loanwords<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> from a source language into a target language that had previously lacked a concept or a convenient expression for the concept. Translators and interpreters have thus played an important role in the evolution of <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Language\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>languages<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> and <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Culture\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>cultures<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>.<\/em><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Translation#cite_note-0\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>[1]<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">However, localization and internationalization is not separated, which I think they should be. Here is the joint definition:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><br \/>\n<em>In <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Computing\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computing\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>computing<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>, <strong>internationalization and localization<\/strong> (also spelled internationalisation and localisation, see <\/em><\/span><a title=\"American and British English spelling differences\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#-ise.2C_-ize\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>spelling differences<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>) are means of adapting <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Computer software\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer_software\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>computer software<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> to different languages and regional differences. Internationalization is the process of designing a software application so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. Localization is the process of adapting internationalized software for a specific region or language by adding <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Locale\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locale\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>locale<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>-specific components and translating text.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>The terms are frequently abbreviated to the numeronym i18n (where 18 stands for the number of letters between the first i and last n in internationalization, a usage coined<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"> at <\/span><\/em><a title=\"Digital Equipment Corporation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Equipment_Corporation\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>DEC<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> in the 1970s or 80s<\/em><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internationalization_and_localization#cite_note-0\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>[1]<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>) and L10n respectively, due to the length of the words. The capital L in L10n helps to distinguish it from the lowercase i in i18n<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Some companies, like <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Microsoft\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>Microsoft<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>, <\/em><\/span><a title=\"IBM\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>IBM<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> and <\/em><\/span><a title=\"Sun Microsystems\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_Microsystems\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>Sun Microsystems<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>, use the term &#8220;globalization&#8221; for the combination of internationalization and localization.<\/em><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internationalization_and_localization#cite_note-1\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>[2]<\/em><\/span><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internationalization_and_localization#cite_note-2\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>[3]<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em> Globalization can also be abbreviated to g11n.<\/em><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internationalization_and_localization#cite_note-3\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><em>[4]<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lionbridge.com\/\">Lionbridge<\/a> has a good explanation of the difference between the two: <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><br \/>\n<em><strong>Internationalization<\/strong> readies your product for global markets and ensures it can be localized easily. It is the designing and re-engineering of a product so that it can be localize easily for global markets. It is important to complete internationalization before localization begins; otherwise, you may need to reengineer your product in parallel with localization. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Transcreation is perhaps such a new word that Wikipedia has no definition yet. Here is one definition I found:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Transcreation:<\/strong> Adaptation, mainly used in drama contexts, is defined as \u201c<br \/>\nthe \u2018freest\u2019 form of translation\u201d and one where \u201c&#8230; the SL [source language] culture [is] converted to the TL [target language] culture and the text rewritten\u201d (p. 46).The idea of rewriting a text to adapt it to the norms of the target culture, to the point that little trace is left of its source, seems to be at the root of transcreation, too. Nowadays often used in advertising and the media, transcreation is a portmanteau word made by combining together translation and creation, in order to emphasise the considerable amount of creativity required in the process. (From http:\/\/www.airy-eel.blogspot.com)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Check also:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/swedish-market-with-transcreation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>How to Reach the Swedish Market with Transcreation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/five-main-differences-between-translation-and-transcreation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>Five Things That Differentiate Translation and Transcreation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/getting-terminology-right-use-linguist-interpreter-translator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>Getting the Terminology Right: When to Use a Linguist, Interpreter or Translator<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"blogger-post-footer\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share_save?linkname=Blogging%20with%20Swedish%20Translation%20Services&amp;linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fswedishtranslationservices.blogspot.com\">Share &amp; Bookmark<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I know you all probably know what all these terms mean, but the definitions I found for translation, localization, internationalization and transcreation were very interesting. The first three terms were taken from Wikipedia, but transcreation did not exist on Wikipedia yet, also that interesting. They are all very dear terms to me, so here you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[104,105,106,98],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-internationalization","tag-localization","tag-transcreation","tag-translation"],"yoast_head":"<title>Defining Translation, Localization, Internationalization &amp; More<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here are the clear-cut definitions of four terms that are often misunderstood: translation, localization, internationalization and transcreation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/swedishtranslationservices.com\/definitions-of-translation-localization-internationalization-and-transcreation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Defining Translation, Localization, Internationalization &amp; 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